urban_eyes_2009's Photobucket media

Sender

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:17:14 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Sender - 100_0002.jpg

The sender is the person or group wishing to share information. This photograph clearly illustrates Elizabeth as the sender, for she is wishing to share information through verbal communication.

Receiver

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:17:04 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Receiver - 100_0003.jpg

The receiver is the person or group for which a message is intended. This picture clearly illustrates Aziz as the receiver, for he is cupping his ear in hopes of receiving a verbal message that was intended for him.

Medium

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:16:54 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Medium - 100_0005.jpg

A medium is the pathway through which an encoded message is transmitted to a receiver. A cellular telephone, as pictured here, serves as way in which an encoded message is transmitted when a sender verbalizes a message to a receiver. Wireless communication technologies have been instrumental for the information technology revolution.

Nonverbal Communication

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:16:43 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Nonverbal Communication - 100_0006.jpg

Nonverbal communication is the encoding of messages by means of facial expressions, body language, and styles of dress. Chris and Elizabeth are communicating nonverbally through their hand gestures, as well as their facial expressions. Chris is indicating his need for cooperation through his pursed lips and firm hand gestures, while Elizabeth is bowing to his authority with a very rounded back and concerned facial expression. It was quite an intense moment during our photo hunt!

Information Richness

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:16:32 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Information Richness - 100_0007.jpg

Information richness is the amount of information that a communication medium can carry and the extent to which the medium enables the sender and receiver to reach a common understanding. Elizabeth is communicating via personally addressed written communication. On the scale of information richness, this technique falls lower than electronically transmitted verbal communication, which falls lower than face-to-face communication. It is only higher in information richness than impersonal written communication.

Communication

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:16:21 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Communication - 100_0008.jpg

Communication is the sharing of information between two or more individuals or groups to reach a common understanding. This photograph is of Aziz and Elizabeth, two members of the Urban Eyes team. They are communicating verbally to reach an understanding about their location and how it will assist them in their task at hand.

Deviance

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:16:11 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Deviance - 100_0009.jpg

Failure to conform to group norms is called deviance. The group reacts in different ways in response to deviant members. They can either adopt their ways or expel them. Our picture shows the result of a group member acting in an unacceptably deviant manner. He is expelled from the group because they cannot adopt his new behavior.

Noise

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:16:01 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Noise - 100_0010.jpg

Noise is anything that hampers any stage of the communication process. There is a lot of commotion taking place in this photograph, and a lot of literal noise. If one were to communicate in this environment, all of the noise and movement of the children could hamper a stage of the communication process.

Social Loafing

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:15:50 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Social Loafing - 100_0011.jpg

The effect of group work where individuals put forth less effort then the rest of the group. In our picture, this kid is not participating with the rest of the group. He would be said to be engaging in “social loafing.”

Charisma

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:15:39 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Charisma - 100_0012.jpg

Charisma means being enthusiastic and self-confident while being able to clearly communicate a vision of how great things can be. The big Dairy Queen soft-serve cone is a charismatic little guy with an overly enthusiastic and self-confident look on his face. Through coupons, the cone is communicating to consumers how great life can be when you receive a free blizzard.

Formal Team

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:15:27 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Formal Team - 100_0013.jpg

A formal team is a group that managers establish to achieve organizational goals. This group in this picture was set up by the Dairy Queen management to go out to Millennium Park and give people coupons to consumers to achieve their organizational goal of increasing business.

Group

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:15:14 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Group - 100_0014.jpg

A group consists of two or more people who interact with each other to accomplish certain goals or meet certain needs. This picture shows a group of three people who formed together to walk around Millennium Park to accomplish their goals of sightseeing.

Conformity

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:15:03 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Conformity - 100_0015.jpg

Group members conform for three reasons: (1) to avoid punishments, (2) they want to imitate group members they admire and (3) the have internalized the norm and believe it is the right and proper way to behave. Our picture supports reason one and two. These girls learned the behavior of wearing blue to either emulate group members they admire or because it is an expected behavior within their group

Information

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:14:52 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Information - 100_0016.jpg

Data that is organized in a logical, structured and meaningful fashion. This picture shows how the city has used data in an organized fashion to display a meaningful and useful map. All the data meets the requirement of information.

Group Size

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:14:41 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Group Size - 100_0017.jpg

Group size refers to how large or small a group is. It is said that the best group size is between five to nine people. In this picture, there are five people that make up a group. They are all showing what number in the group they are.

Forming

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:14:30 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Forming - 100_0018.jpg

The forming of a group is when members try to get to know one another and reach a common understanding of what the group is trying to accomplish. The group in this picture has come to an agreement on what the group wants to do and what they need to accomplish.

Storming

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:14:19 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Storming - 100_0019.jpg

In the "storming" stage of group development, group members disagree with each other and refuse to submit to the demands of other group members. In our picture, you are seeing the result of this stage. Because we all disagree with each other or refuse to “submit” to each other, our group has turned on itself.

Norming

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:14:09 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Norming - 100_0020.jpg

When close bonds between team members develop. These bonds are accompanied by feelings of friendship and camaraderie. Each team member in our picture represents another level or standard that is to be achieved by the group as a whole.

Adjourning

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:13:58 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Adjourning - 100_0021.jpg

During the last stage, a group is disbanded through a process called adjourning. This usually happens when a group satisfactorily completes a task. In our picture, the group is disbanded after not being able to complete a task. This is the common alternative cause of group disbandment.

Group Cohesiveness

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:13:47 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Group Cohesiveness - 100_0022.jpg

Group cohesiveness is the degree to which members are attracted to our loyal to their group. Out picture supports this definition because it shows a high level of group cohesiveness. By interlocking arms, we show that we are fully loyal to our group.

Performing

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:13:37 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Performing - 100_0023.jpg

The “performing” stage of group development defines the actual work being down by a group. In our picture, the violinist street performer has practiced, strategized and planned for this performing moment. Just like an organizational team would strategize to accomplish a goal set by the organization.

Contingency Theory of Leadership

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:13:24 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

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Contingency models of leadership take into account the situation or context within which leadership occirs. Whether or not a manager is an effective leader is the result of the interplay between what the manager is like, what he or she does, and the situation in which leadership takes place. Chase bank takes pride in continuing to be there for their clients during the economic recession by continuing to lend money to consumers, small-, mid-size-, and large companies, state and local governments, and non-profit organizations.

Task-centered Leadership

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:13:13 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Task-centered Leadership - 100_0025.jpg

Task-centered leaders' primary concern is to ensure that subordinates perform at a high level. Managers at Chipotle are responsible for ensuring that employees work quickly and efficiently to prepare and serve food to customers.

Person-centered Leadership

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:13:02 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Person-centered Leadership - 100_0026.jpg

Person-centered leadership: Leaders whose primary concern is to develop good relationships with their subordinates and to be liked by them. DePaul University, like other educational institutions, depends on good relationships and respect among faculty, staff, and students to thrive as a successful academic community. Professors foster good educator-student relationships.

Extrinsically Motivated Behavior

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:12:51 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Extrinsically Motivated Behavior - 100_0028.jpg

Extrinsically motivated behavior – Is behavior of an individual in an organization that acts towards the benefit on behalf of the individual. Here we have an individual working towards his own achievements and attained an exceptional grade to satisfy his behavior.

Intrinsically Motivated Behavior

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:12:41 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Intrinsically Motivated Behavior - 100_0029.jpg

Intrinsically motivated behavior - Is behavior of an individual in an organization that acts towards the benefit on behalf of the organization. Here we have an individual motivated by his hard work and finally got a grade he desired.

Input

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:12:30 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Input - 100_0030.jpg

Input – Organizational units, people, dollars, and other resources actually devoted to the particular program or activity. Here we have an individual working whose input is placing books back in there shelves to anticipate an outcome upon completion of the input.

Outcome

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:12:20 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Outcome - 100_0031.jpg

Outcome – Information, event, object or state of being produced as a result or consequence of a plan, process, accident, effort or other similar action or occurrence. Here we have two individuals one receiving a reward for hard work done, and the other rewarding the individual for work done.

Informal Team

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:12:09 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Informal Team - 100_0032.jpg

Informal groups are groups of managers and nonmanagerial employees that form to help achieve their own goals or meet their own needs. In this picture, two people are forming an informal group by bonding over their liking for plays, in this case Wicked.

Expectancy

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:11:59 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Expectancy - 100_0033.jpg

Expectancy – A person’s perception about the extent to which his or her effort will result in a level of performance. Here we have an individual running to gain a result in a more physically fit body.

Instrumentality

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:11:48 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Instrumentality - 100_0034.jpg

Instrumentality – A person’s perception about the extent to which performance at a certain level will result in the attainment of outcomes. Here we have an individual who has worked hard and attained an outcome of bigger muscles.

Valence

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:11:37 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Valence - 100_0035.jpg

Valence – How desirable each of the outcomes available from a job or organization is to a person. Here we have a desirable outcome of attracting an individual of the opposite sex after the gentlemen had worked hard to gain an attractive body.

Need-based Motivation

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:11:26 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Need-based Motivation - 100_0036.jpg

Need Theories – Theories of motivation that focus on what needs people are trying to satisfy at work and what outcomes will satisfy those needs. A need is considered a requirement or necessity for survival and well-being. The picture shows need based motivation because the man is entering a store to buy food. The food is the motivation for him to put forth effort and perform at a high level so he can continue to buy food and survive.

Operant Conditioning

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:11:15 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Operant Conditioning - 100_0037.jpg

Operant Conditioning – The theory that people learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences and learn not to perform behaviors that lead to undesired consequences. The Operant Conditioning Theory is shown here by the person being spanked. The person receiving the negative outcome will now learn that performing whatever behavior is unacceptable and will now avoid the behavior in order to avoid the negative outcome

Learning-based Motivation

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:11:05 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Learning-based Motivation - 100_0038.jpg

Learning Theories – Theories that focus on increasing employee motivation and performance by linking the outcomes that employees receive to the performance of desired behaviors and attainment of goals. This picture depicts learning motivation because the woman is teaching the man how to repair the bicycle. The idea is that by learning how to properly fix the bicycle, the man will receive positive outcomes such as recognition, pay, and or compliments.

Esteem Needs

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:10:54 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Esteem Needs - 100_0039.jpg

Esteem Needs (Maslow) – One of the five needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. The need to feel good about oneself and one’s capabilities, to be respected by others, and to receive recognition and appreciation. The picture represents esteem needs because the woman is looking in the mirror trying to make sure she feels comfortable about herself and her capabilities. She is gaining self confidence and hoping to receive recognition and appreciation from other people.

Social Needs

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:10:43 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Social Needs - 100_0040.jpg

Social Needs (Maslow) – One of the five needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. The need for social interaction, friendship, affection, and love. Social Needs are being demonstrated in this picture by the woman who is on the outside of the group. She wants to join the group in order to gain human interaction and friendship with the other people. If she can satisfy her social needs, then she can satisfy her esteem needs.

Reward Power

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:10:31 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Reward Power - 100_0041.jpg

Reward power is the ability of a manager to give or withhold tangible and intangible rewards. For example, Mariela shows Spencer her fantastic grade. Spencer rewards her success with a thumbs up and a pat on the back!

Coercive Power

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:10:20 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Coercive Power - 100_0042.jpg

Coercive power is the ability of a manager to punish others. Chris and Aziz portray an example: an employee being reprimanded and fired by his boss.

Reference Power

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:10:09 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Reference Power - 100_0043.jpg

Reference Power – Power that comes from subordinates’ and coworkers’ respect, admiration, and loyalty. The picture shows the man admiring, respecting, and showing his loyalty to the woman. When she has the respect of subordinates and coworkers, she then has reference power.

Leadership

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:09:58 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Leadership - 100_0044.jpg

Leadership – The process by which an individual exerts influence over other people and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities to help achieve group or organizational goals. This picture represents leadership because the man (statue) is providing other people a platform of how to achieve organizational goals. The statue is supposed to be Saint Vincent who led people and now has a university named after him which tries follows in his footsteps.

Emotional Intelligence

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:09:47 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Emotional Intelligence - 100_0045.jpg

Emotional intelligence is that ability to understand and manage one's own moods and emotions and the moods and emotions of other people. This statue outside the DePaul Center shows that DePaul University understands the moods and emotions of the majority of its students and faculty, and wants to relate to those same moods and emotions.

Transactional Leadership

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:09:36 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Transactional Leadership - 100_0046.jpg

Transactional leadership motivates subordinates by rewarding them for high performance and reprimanding them for low performance. This not only applies to organizations and their employees but also to society and its members. People who disregard parking regulations will be reprimanded by vehicle towing. This sign serves as motivation to abide by set rules.

Transformational Leadership

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:09:24 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Transformational Leadership - 100_0047.jpg

Transformational leadership makes subordinates aware of the importance of their jobs and performance to the organization and aware of their own needs for personal growth and that motivates subordinates to work for the good of the organization. This picture is of a UPS truck had a mantra on that side stating “Worldwide Services: Synchronizing the world of commerce,” making the UPS drivers aware of that their job of delivering packages does indeed synchronize commerce around the globe and makes them more motivated to continue working for the good of UPS.

Information Technology

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:09:12 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Information Technology - 100_0048.jpg

Information technology is the means by which information is acquired, organized, stored, manipulated, and transmitted. This photograph depicts one of the many ways DePaul University organizes and stores manipulated information. Through this form of technology, the information is transmitted to students and faculty, who can acquire this information. This screen provides information regarding events taking place at DePaul, the weather in the Chicago land area, as well as world news.

Legitimate Power

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:09:02 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Legitimate Power - 100_0050.jpg

Legitimate power is the authority that a manager has by virtue of his or her position in an organization's hierarchy. DePaul University security guards have the authority to deter illegal or inappropriate actions, monitor the activity in and around university property, and protect assets and people.

Nonprogrammed Decision-making

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:08:49 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Nonprogrammed Decision-making - 100_0052.jpg

As mentioned in Chapter 5, nonprogrammed decision-making is defined as the nonroutine decision making that occurs in response to unusual, unpredictable opportunities and threats. Expert systems are the most advanced management information systems available, and therefore the most useful in providing managers with the information they need to make nonprogrammed decisions. As discussed in class, our Blackboard system is a great example of an expert system.

Team

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:08:36 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Team - 100_0053.jpg

A team is a group whose members work intensely with each other to achieve a specific common goal or objective. This picture shows two teams that are in our management class. They have come together, with a symbol and team name, to achieve the multiple goals that the class sets throughout the summer session.

Empowerment

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:08:25 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Empowerment - 100_0054.jpg

Empowerment: Expanding employees' tasks and responsibilities Team leader Elizabeth delegates project responsibilities to group members. Having more responsibility, the other members become more empowered.

Expert Power

urban_eyes_2009 — Mon, 13 Jul 2009 15:08:14 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Expert Power - 100_0056.jpg

Expert Power – Power that is based on the special knowledge, skills, and expertise that a leader possesses. The picture of Professor Murphy is an example of a person with expert power due to his special skills, knowledge, and expertise. He has past experience and also a large amount of education which gives him the power to teach students at the undergraduate and graduate level.

Leading

urban_eyes_2009 — Fri, 3 Jul 2009 20:31:10 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Leading - sra066.jpg

Organizing

urban_eyes_2009 — Fri, 3 Jul 2009 20:24:40 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

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Theory Y

urban_eyes_2009 — Fri, 3 Jul 2009 20:21:52 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

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Theory X

urban_eyes_2009 — Fri, 3 Jul 2009 20:19:22 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

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Controlling

urban_eyes_2009 — Fri, 3 Jul 2009 20:15:55 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Controlling - DSCF0403.jpg

Planning

urban_eyes_2009 — Fri, 3 Jul 2009 20:12:13 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Planning - sra068.jpg

Competition

urban_eyes_2009 — Fri, 3 Jul 2009 19:59:25 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Competition - DSCF0402.jpg

Competition is the effort of two or more parties acting independently to secure the business of a third party by offering the most favorable terms. (mirriam-webster dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/competition) This is a good photo of competition because it shows seven different companies in the same industry competing for the same customers. You can go even more in depth and say that Great Steak and Potato Company is competing with Subway for customers who want a sandwich.

Organizational Culture

urban_eyes_2009 — Fri, 3 Jul 2009 19:16:53 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Organizational Culture - DSCF0405.jpg

Organizational culture is the shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, norms, and work routines that influence the ways in which individuals, groups, and teams interact with one another and cooperate to achieve organizational goals. The Chicago Community Bank values the environment which influences their interactions with their customers. In this advertisement, you can see that Chicago Community Bank offers a reusable grocery bag to customers.

Organizational Mission

urban_eyes_2009 — Fri, 3 Jul 2009 18:48:35 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Organizational Mission - DSCF0401.jpg

An organizational mission is the organization’s purpose identifying the organization’s products and customers and distinguishing the organization from its competitors. This photograph is of a pillar on the floor that TWG occupies. Along the pillar are many slogans that identify TWG's purpose and distinguish them from other competitors (i.e. "Beyond Bigger. Best.").

Diversity

urban_eyes_2009 — Fri, 3 Jul 2009 16:05:57 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Diversity - sra061-1.jpg

Diversity is defined as the differences among people in age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background, and capabilities/disabilities. In the above photograph are two employees of TWG. They represent gender diversity, for one is a man and one is a woman.

Business Level Strategy: Differentiation

urban_eyes_2009 — Thu, 2 Jul 2009 12:24:37 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Business Level Strategy: Differentiation - sra076.jpg

The differentiation strategy distinguishes an organization's products from the products of its competitors on dimensions such as product design, quality, or after-sales service. This picture represents differentiation because the parking company is stating that they offer a service or quality that makes their garage better than their competitors. Their parking is indoors and is also heated, which differentiates them from other parking garages.

Middle Managers

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:23:46 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Middle Managers - sra070.jpg

Middle managers supervise first-line managers and are responsible for finding the best way to use resources to achieve organizational goals. Photo of The Warranty Group's middle managers.

Technical Skills

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:11:42 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Technical Skills - sra058.jpg

Technical skills are job-specific skills required to perform a particular type of work or occupation at a high level. This woman in the picture is a secretary, in which she must have technical skills that include using computer programs and quick typing. When this picture was taken, she was typing something at a very quick pace.

Scientific Management

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:11:31 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Scientific Management - sra059.jpg

Scientific Management is the systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency. In this photograph, Aziz is timing an assistant as she performs a task. He is studying the relationship between this assistant and a particular task, in hopes of restructuring the work process in a way that would increase efficiency.

Strategy Formulation

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:10:59 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Strategy Formulation - sra062.jpg

Strategy formulation is the development of a set of corporate-, business-, and functional strategies that allow an organization to accomplish its mission and achieve its goals. Here is a picture of a large dry-erase board with an outline of many different ideas to develop the three levels of strategies for the organization.

Experienced Meaningfulness

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:10:38 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Experienced Meaningfulness - sra064.jpg

Experienced meaningfulness is the feeling that workers get from their job's skill variety, task variety, and task significance. Workers with high experienced meaningfulness will result in high motivation according to J.R. Hackman and G.R. Oldham's Job Characteristic Model. This picture represents experienced meaningfulness because the worker (sitting) feels as though her skill variety, task identity, and task significance are not that important to the organization. She is being encouraged that her job is very important to the organization.

Top Manager

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:10:26 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Top Manager - sra065.jpg

A top manager establishes organizational goals, decides how departments should interact, and monitors the performance of middle managers. Top Manager at The Warranty Group.

Human Skills

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:09:42 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Human Skills - sra069.jpg

Human skills include the ability to understand, alter, lead, and control the behavior of other individuals and groups. In this picture, the man on the left is using his human skills to understand what the man on the right is doing by listening to his ideas. After, he will lead him to the best ideas he proposed.

Economies of Scale

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:09:10 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Economies of Scale - sra072.jpg

Economies of scale are the cost advantages associated with large operations. Dollar Daze is an organization that offers over 25,000 products at comparably low prices. Due to their large operations, they are able to purchase their goods at a very low price, and then sell their products at an extremely low price compared to their competitors.

Efficiency

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:08:59 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Efficiency - sra073.jpg

Efficiency is a measure of how well or how productively resources are used to achieve a goal. The store that provides passport photos is able to utilize its technological resources to deliver a finished product in a set time frame.

First-line Manager

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:08:49 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

First-line Manager - sra074.jpg

Walgreens' store manager, Ms. Francine Hudson, is a first-line manager. First-line managers are responsible for the daily supervision of non-managerial employees.

Organization Environment Theory

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:08:38 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Organization Environment Theory - sra075.jpg

Changes in the global environment affect organizations. The quality of managers' understanding of forces in the global environment and their ability to respond appropriately to those forces are critical factors affecting organizational performance. In 2006, the CTA introduced 265 Clean Air Hybrid Buses to the CTA fleet in response to increasing environmental awareness. The buses that produce 60% fewer emissions will provide increased environmental benefits with the goal of improved public health, saving money on energy costs, beautifying the city, and enhancing the quality of life--all in the hopes of attracting new residents and employers.

Porter's Five Forces: Level of Rivalry

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:08:18 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Porter's Five Forces: Level of Rivalry - sra077.jpg

Porter's Five Forces is a well-know model that helps managers focus on the five most important competitive forces, or potential threats, in the external environment. One of the five factors is the level or rivalry among organizations in an industry. Dunkin Donuts has proved to be large competitor for Starbucks, offering drinks for a lower price. In response to their competitor, Starbucks has increased advertisement which can lower the level of industry profit.

Team-based Structure

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:08:07 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Team-based Structure - sra078.jpg

Team-based structure is characterized by a group whose members work intensely with each other to achieve a specific common goal or objective. As a group, we established expectations for each group member as well as a common purpose and goal. We employ a team based-structure by working together intensely together to achieve a common pre-established goal.

Tall Structure

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:07:57 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Tall Structure - sra079.jpg

Tall structure is an organizational hierarchy that has many levels. Our picture represents the physical aspect of a tall structure because each person is on a separate level in our organization. It illustrates how tall structures tend to be less flexible because communication must go from the top level to the bottom, which takes time.

Flat Structure

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:07:46 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Flat Structure - sra080.jpg

Flat structure is an organizational hierarchy that has very few levels compared to a tall structure, despite having the same amount of functions or divisions. This picture represents a flat structure because there is only one level in the organization despite having six different people in it. By only having one level, communication and decision making will be much faster compared to a tall structure.

Structural Integration Mechanism

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:07:35 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Structural Integration Mechanism - sra081.jpg

Structural integration mechanisms are organizing tools that managers can use to increase communication and coordination among functions and divisions. This is the typical "Chinese telephone" that you may remember from your childhood. By communicating the exact message you receive to each other team member, you will all have the same knowledge and be able to coordinate among different divisions. Hopefully the message remains the same as it travels down the line!

Effectiveness

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 21:07:23 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Effectiveness - sra082.jpg

Effectiveness is a measure of the appropriateness of the goals an organization is pursuing and of the degree to which the organization achieves those goals. Educational institutions have a common goal of educating and preparing students for future careers by setting standards and requirements for each degree program that students must successfully complete. DePaul University graduates are the "finished product," a result of the goals being achieved.

A force from the general environment

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 20:18:11 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

A force from the general environment - CopyofDSCF0397.jpg

The general environment is the wide-ranging global, economic, technological, sociocultural, demographic, political, and legal forces that affect an organization and its task environment. These forces tend to be more difficult to identify and respond to. Technology has been changing and improving more rapidly over time and this picture shows the high-level of technology companies have currently, but they may possibly be outdated in a few years.

Brand Loyalty

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 20:17:54 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Brand Loyalty - DSCF0392.jpg

Brand loyalty is the customers’ preference for the products of the organizations currently existing in the task environment. On this side of this bus is a huge advertisement for Pepsi. Pepsi and their main competitor Coke have customers with a very strong brand loyalty for these drinks with extreme dislike for the other.

Global/multinational Organization

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 20:17:21 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Global/multinational Organization - DSCF0398.jpg

A global/multinational organization is an organization that operates and competes in more than one country. This is the logo for TWG, a company that operates in North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. The many globes represent their presence internationally.

Hierarchy of Authority

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 20:17:13 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Hierarchy of Authority - DSCF0400.jpg

July 01, 2009 2:40 PM Hierarchy of authority refers to an organization’s chain of command, specifying the relative authority of each manager. This photograph shows an "Evacuation Team Roster," which signifies the organization's chain of command while specifying the relative authority in the event of an emergency.

Threat of Substitutes

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 20:16:25 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Threat of Substitutes - DSCF0407.jpg

July 01, 2009, 3:08 PM "Threat of Substitute Products" is one of Porter's Five Forces. What are the chances that a different product could take the place of one of our own products? When there is a substitute product, companies cannot charge a high price because customers will then buy the substitute product. This picture shows the threat of a substitute product between two different MP3 players. The reasons for buying one of the players may be that the price of one is much cheaper than the other, but yet still have the same capabilities as an MP3 player.

Autonomy

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 20:16:17 MDT

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Autonomy - DSCF0410.jpg

July 01, 2009, 3:17 PM Autonomy is the degree to which a job gives an employee the freedom and discretion needed to schedule different tasks and decide how to carry them out. Our picture represents autonomy because the police officers are for the most part determining where and to what extent they patrol on their bikes. They decide which way is faster and also where they patrol first and last. In this case, they have a high degree of autonomy in their job.

Organizational Goal

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 20:16:09 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Organizational Goal - DSCF0413.jpg

July 01, 2009, 3:29 PM An organizational goal includes established performance standards for the divisions and functions that support the organization’s overall goals. These are the six organizational goals that DePaul University strives to achieve.

Strategy Implementation

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 20:16:01 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Strategy Implementation - DSCF0414.jpg

July 01, 2009, 3:34 PM Strategy implementation is a method by which strategies are operationalized or executed within the organization; it focuses on the processes through which strategies are achieved. TFC bank has a strategy that aims their banking services at DePaul University students. To this they implemented strategies by placing an easily accessible ATM at the DePaul Center.

A Force from the Task Environment: Distributor

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 16:16:47 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

A Force from the Task Environment: Distributor - MGT300002.jpg

The task environment is the set of forces and conditions that originate with global suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors; these forces and conditions affect an organization’s ability to obtain inputs and dispose of its outputs. These forces are the most immediate and direct. This picture contains a UPS truck, which would be a distributor. UPS helps organizations sell their goods and services by delivering them all across the globe.

Organizational Ethics

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 16:10:24 MDT

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Organizational Ethics - MGT300003.jpg

An organization's code of ethics are formal standards and rules, based on beliefs about right or wrong, that managers can use to help themselves make appropriate decisions with regard to the interests of their stakeholders. An organization's code of ethics derives from societal, professional, and individual ethics of the organization's managers and employees. Starbucks has been purchasing Fair Trade Certified coffee since 2000 to ensure the well-being of farmers that supply the coffee. "The goal of Fair Trade certification is to empower small-scale farmers organized in cooperatives to invest in their farms and communities, protect the environment, and develop the business skills necessary to compete in the global marketplace." -Starbucks Shared Planet - Ethical Sourcing

Barriers to Entry

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 15:13:58 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Barriers to Entry - 100_0023.jpg

Barriers to entry are factors that make it difficult and costly for an organization to enter a particular task environment or industry. Given the current economic climate, there is considerable difficulty in receiving credit. As well, the rent in the city of Chicago can be very costly. These are factors that could potentially inhibit an organization from entering a particular task environment or industry.

Organic Structure

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 15:13:44 MDT

urban_eyes_2009 posted a photo

Organic Structure - 100_0024.jpg

Organic structure is a decentralized structure that allows lower-level employees autonomy in decision-making and is low on functional specification and formalization. This photograph is of an informal health foods store that does not function with a rigid bureaucratic structure. Rather, they are a store that focuses on quality for their customers, and allows their employees autonomy in presenting their quality products.

Bureaucracy

urban_eyes_2009 — Wed, 1 Jul 2009 15:13:30 MDT

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Bureaucracy - 100_0025.jpg

A bureaucracy is an organization characterized by specialization of functions, adherence to fixed rules, and a hierarchy of authority. As discussed in class, the city of Chicago is a classic example of a bureaucracy.